Regarding Human Rights, which is perhaps better referred to as Fundamental Rights, an effort must be made to place them in the historical geopolitical context in which they were declared, acknowledging the different perspectives on which they are based, and that in the West stem from the City (to the point that the very condition of men is expressed with the term citizenship). There is, in fact, a profound difference between the conception in so-called Western civilization and that of China or Islam. A point of convergence is more easily found by focusing on social duties. The narrowness of the City was felt in antiquity: both in Greece and in Rome, a universal citizenship was hypothesized, advocated by the Stoics and embraced by Marcus Aurelius, on whose statements Antoninus Caracalla based the grant of Roman citizenship to all subjects of the Empire. Meanwhile, the anchoring to the city led to linking citizenship rights to the obligations incumbent upon them and the rulers (munera). Even though the Enlightenment and the quest for natural rights encouraged a focus on rights against the absolutism of Sovereigns, and often emphasized rights over duties, the mention of which was present in the American Declaration of Rights and Duties of Man in Bogotá but not in the title of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the latter, however, made a clear mention of it in Article 29.1. In reality, fundamental rights and duties are two sides of the same coin, which would require innovative institutions, such as the establishment of a Defender of Fundamental Rights. In any case, it is only by starting from duties that rights can be implemented: this is increasingly evident in the face of the unstoppable advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In conclusion, it seems appropriate to propose a new proclamation, namely the Declaration of Essential Duties for the Salvation of the Environment and the Rights of its Inhabitants.