The subject of this study is the right to respect for family life in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Today, this right plays a significant role, primarily due to the paramount position of the family in society. It is addressed both by the norms of domestic law (Articles 18 and 47 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland) and by international law (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights). In the present era — a time of significant social change — the obligation to respect family life constitutes one of the major challenges. In addition to the traditional model of the family, contemporary society is shaped by other forms of interpersonal relationships, based on emotional, economic, and other types of bonds. This raises the question of whether persons in such alternative relationships also create a “family life” and, consequently, whether they are entitled to the right to respect for family life. The rich body of case law of the European Court of Human Rights, concerning the interpretation of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which addresses the right to respect for family life, is helpful in resolving these doubts. The aim of this study is to analyse the concepts of “family,” “family life,” and “respect for family life” in the context of international law, as well as the scope of the right to respect for family life in the case law of the ECtHR. The content of the publication is based primarily on the extensive jurisprudence of the ECtHR.