In each year as far as since 1999 the global prison population is growing. In 2015 it certainly exceeds 10,3 million. In many countries, including European, in the last decades there has been a record of overcrowding in penitentiary units, which certainly has negative implications for the welfare of prisoners. Ways of dealing with those incarcerated who are kept in penitentiary isolation might vary between countries, but it is enough to say that the axis of the division of penitentiary systems runs across the belief or disbelief in the social reintegration of prisoners. The process of achieving rehabilitative goals by be hinder by prison’s worsening conditions. This articles discuses the right of the incarcerated people to maintain their health and well-being, taking into account the impact on the interpretations that have been exerted in this area by the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.