Contemporary geopolitics is increasingly shaping the functioning of the global economy, while economic decisions are becoming progressively subordinated to political and strategic considerations. This development may be interpreted as a gradual shift from the globalization paradigm that dominated previous decades towards a more geopolitically driven international order. Traditionally, geopolitics focused on the importance of geographical location, national borders, maritime routes and strategically significant territories. Today, its scope has expanded to include economic, financial and technological interdependencies. In this context, geoeconomics has become an important subfield of geopolitics, using economic instruments to achieve political and strategic objectives. The global economy has experienced exceptional volatility in recent years as a result of overlapping crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, high inflation, the cost-of-living crisis, armed conflicts and increasing trade tensions. At the same time, the world is undergoing profound demographic, environmental and technological transformations, including the rapid development of artificial intelligence and digital finance. These processes are accompanied by a transition from the previous international order towards a more fragmented and multipolar system, in which economic, technological and political competition between the United States and China is of particular importance. Geopolitical and geoeconomic objectives can be pursued through various economic instruments, including sanctions, trade restrictions, embargoes and export and import controls. Such measures affect both national economies and individual companies by limiting access to markets, resources, technologies and capital. However, strong economic interdependencies make these actions complex and often reciprocal, generating costs for both the targeted and sanctioning economies. Consequently, the growing influence of government decisions on economic activity and corporate strategies raises a fundamental question about the changing nature and limits of the contemporary market economy.